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作者：黄华斌 更新日期：2007-11-25 点击数： 等级：
1. After graduating, she went to New York, where she started working as an actress and won the theater World Award for her role in a play.毕业后,她去了纽约｡在那儿她开始了演艺生涯,并因为在一部戏剧中的角色而获得了世界戏剧奖｡
(1) after graduating是介词+动词-ing形式构成的介词短语,它在句中作状语,相当于一个时间状语从句,即After she graduated ...｡ 例如:
After finishing (=After he finished) his homework, the boy went out for a walk. 完成作业后,这个男孩出去散步了｡
(2)where引导的非限制性定语从句修饰New York;as在这里作介词,意为“作为”｡例如:
As a writer, he is wonderful but as a teacher he’s not very good. 作为作家,他很出色,但当教师却做得不怎么好｡
2. When Spielberg was young, his dream was to go to the Film Academy, but he couldn’t. The reason why he could not go there was that his grades were too low.小时候,斯皮尔柏格的梦想是进入电影学院,但没有去成,因为他的分数太低｡
(1) 第一个分句中“to go to the Film Academy”不定式作表语,动词不定式做表语一般用来说明主语的性质或内容｡例如:
Her job is to look after the children.她的工作是照料这些孩子｡
(2) 在reason 做先行词的定语从句中,若从句表原因,一般用why引导定语从句,why可以用for which替换｡why还可省去｡例如:
The reason why (for which) he has resigned is poor health. 他辞职的理由是健康状况不佳｡
当reason 做主语带有定语从句修饰时,其后的表语从句通常用that不用because｡例如:
The reason why he didn’t come in time was that he didn’t feel well.他没有来的原因是他不舒服｡
当reason 用作定语从句的宾语时,引导词用that / which, 而且that / which可省去｡例如:
The reason (that / which ) he gave for being late was that they were held up in a traffic jam. 他给出的迟到原因是他们被交通堵塞给耽误了｡
3. After that it still took seven years before they finally got married. 从那以后,仍然过了七年他们才结婚｡
(1) that指代前文提到的情况｡take在这里作花费(时间,劳力),如果是动词不定式当主语通常以it作其形式主语｡例如:
The game took five hours. 那场比赛用了五个小时｡
How long will it take you to finish the work? 你要花多长时间才能完成那项工作?
It takes (sb.) some time to do sth.表示“某人花多少时间干某事”,其中it是形式主语,代指后面的不定式｡例如:
It took them three years to build the dam.他们花了三年时间建造这座大坝｡
(2) before在这里作连词,意为“……之后才……”｡例如:
But it will be more than 100 years before the country begins once again to look as it did before.但要经过100多年后,这个国家才能恢复到以前的那个样子｡
4. When she hears that Huike has gone to town, she becomes very worried and makes it her most important task to bring Huike back safely.当听说慧科去了城里,她非常担心,并把慧科安全带回学校视作自己最重要的任务｡
句中的“makes it her most important task to bring ...”,其结构是make + 代词 + 名词+动词不定(短语),即make接动词不定式(短语)作宾语,但因太长,所以用it去作形式宾语;其中的名词作宾补,真正的宾语是后面的不定式短语“to bring Huike back safely”｡it作形式宾语时可以代替三种形式:不定式;动词-ing形式或宾语从句｡例如:
Tom didn’t find it very difficult to write letters in Chinese.汤姆发现用汉语写信不很难｡(it代替不定式短语)
The professor considers it no good reading without understanding.这位教授认为阅读而不理解没有益处｡(it代替动词-ing形式)
The parents think it a pity that their daughter didn’t pass the examination.父母认为他们的女儿没通过考试是个遗憾｡(it代替从句)
(1) after graduating是介词+动词-ing形式构成的介词短语,它在句中作状语,相当于一个时间状语从句,即After she graduated ...｡ 例如:
After finishing (=After he finished) his homework, the boy went out for a walk. 完成作业后,这个男孩出去散步了｡
(2)where引导的非限制性定语从句修饰New York;as在这里作介词,意为“作为”｡例如:
As a writer, he is wonderful but as a teacher he’s not very good. 作为作家,他很出色,但当教师却做得不怎么好｡
2. When Spielberg was young, his dream was to go to the Film Academy, but he couldn’t. The reason why he could not go there was that his grades were too low.小时候,斯皮尔柏格的梦想是进入电影学院,但没有去成,因为他的分数太低｡
(1) 第一个分句中“to go to the Film Academy”不定式作表语,动词不定式做表语一般用来说明主语的性质或内容｡例如:
Her job is to look after the children.她的工作是照料这些孩子｡
(2) 在reason 做先行词的定语从句中,若从句表原因,一般用why引导定语从句,why可以用for which替换｡why还可省去｡例如:
The reason why (for which) he has resigned is poor health. 他辞职的理由是健康状况不佳｡
当reason 做主语带有定语从句修饰时,其后的表语从句通常用that不用because｡例如:
The reason why he didn’t come in time was that he didn’t feel well.他没有来的原因是他不舒服｡
当reason 用作定语从句的宾语时,引导词用that / which, 而且that / which可省去｡例如:
The reason (that / which ) he gave for being late was that they were held up in a traffic jam. 他给出的迟到原因是他们被交通堵塞给耽误了｡
3. After that it still took seven years before they finally got married. 从那以后,仍然过了七年他们才结婚｡
(1) that指代前文提到的情况｡take在这里作花费(时间,劳力),如果是动词不定式当主语通常以it作其形式主语｡例如:
The game took five hours. 那场比赛用了五个小时｡
How long will it take you to finish the work? 你要花多长时间才能完成那项工作?
It takes (sb.) some time to do sth.表示“某人花多少时间干某事”,其中it是形式主语,代指后面的不定式｡例如:
It took them three years to build the dam.他们花了三年时间建造这座大坝｡
(2) before在这里作连词,意为“……之后才……”｡例如:
But it will be more than 100 years before the country begins once again to look as it did before.但要经过100多年后,这个国家才能恢复到以前的那个样子｡
4. When she hears that Huike has gone to town, she becomes very worried and makes it her most important task to bring Huike back safely.当听说慧科去了城里,她非常担心,并把慧科安全带回学校视作自己最重要的任务｡
句中的“makes it her most important task to bring ...”,其结构是make + 代词 + 名词+动词不定(短语),即make接动词不定式(短语)作宾语,但因太长,所以用it去作形式宾语;其中的名词作宾补,真正的宾语是后面的不定式短语“to bring Huike back safely”｡it作形式宾语时可以代替三种形式:不定式;动词-ing形式或宾语从句｡例如:
Tom didn’t find it very difficult to write letters in Chinese.汤姆发现用汉语写信不很难｡(it代替不定式短语)
The professor considers it no good reading without understanding.这位教授认为阅读而不理解没有益处｡(it代替动词-ing形式)
The parents think it a pity that their daughter didn’t pass the examination.父母认为他们的女儿没通过考试是个遗憾｡(it代替从句)
